CNC 2 – Programming

Course Content:

Foundations of CNC Programming

• Understanding the structure and function of CNC machines

• Overview of Cartesian coordinate systems (absolute vs. incremental)

• Interpreting technical drawings and blueprints for CNC programming

G-Code Programming Fundamentals

• Writing and editing basic G-code programs manually

• Common G-code commands (G00, G01, G02, G03, etc.) for positioning and contouring

• Programming linear and circular interpolation

M-Code Programming Fundamentals

• Use of M-codes to control machine functions (spindle on/off, coolant, tool change)

• Understanding the role of M-codes in process control and sequencing

• Integrating M-codes with G-code for complete program logic

Tool Path Planning and Optimization

• Programming tool paths for drilling, milling, turning, and pocketing operations

• Entry/exit strategies for tools to reduce material stress and wear

• Minimizing tool travel and optimizing cycle time through code

Tooling and Offset Management

• Programming and managing tool offsets and length compensation (G43, H-codes)

• Using wear and geometry offsets

• Understanding tool numbers and tool change commands (M06)

Work Coordinate Systems

• Setting and calling work offsets (G54–G59, G92)

• Shifting coordinate systems for multi-part setups

• Using fixtures and setup sheets effectively

Program Execution and Simulation

• Uploading, verifying, and running programs on CNC machines

• Using simulation software to visualize tool paths and prevent collisions

• Dry-run procedures and real-time program monitoring

Debugging and Troubleshooting

• Identifying and correcting syntax and logic errors in G/M-code

• Modifying code on the fly for part corrections or machine differences

• Troubleshooting feedrate, spindle speed, and tool path issues

Basic Machine Operation

• Starting up and shutting down CNC machines safely

• Loading tools, materials, and verifying setup

• Using control panels and interpreting machine feedback

Introduction to Advanced G/M-Code Features

• Subprograms and loops (M98/M99)

• Use of macros and variables (if included in the controller type)

• Introduction to canned cycles (G81–G89) for repetitive tasks